Yesterday's Soldiers: European Military Professionalism in South America, 1890-1940Between 1890 and World War II, South America experienced the unsettling first stages of modernization. During this half century of economic, political, and social change, the armies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru underwent a process of professionalization as European military missions transformed their officer corps into copies of French and German officialdom. In so doing, European officers inculcated their ideals and values, thought and self