Fighting in Paradise: Labor Unions, Racism, and Communists in the Making of Modern Hawai'iPowerful labor movements played a critical role in shaping modern Hawaii, beginning in the 1930s, when International Longshore and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) representatives were dispatched to the islands to organize plantation and dock laborers. They were stunned by the feudal conditions they found in Hawaii, where the majority of workers Hawaiian, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino in origin were routinely subjected to repression and racism at the