Heroines of the QingHeroines of the Qing introduces an array of Chinese women from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who were powerful, active subjects of their own lives and who wrote themselves as the heroines of their exemplary stories. Traditionally, exemplary women (lienu)heroic martyrs, chaste widows, and faithful maidens, for examplewere written into official dynastic histories for their unrelenting adherence to female virtue by Confucian family standards.