From Ambivalence to Betrayal: The Left, the Jews, and IsraelFrom Ambivalence to Betrayal is the first study to explore the transformation in attitudes on the Left toward the Jews, Zionism, and Israel since the origins of European socialism in the 1840s until the present. This pathbreaking synthesis reveals a striking continuity in negative stereotypes of Jews, contempt for Judaism, and negation of Jewish national self determination from the days of Karl Marx to the current left wing intellectual assault on